Survey tools

GSD calculator

Work out the Ground Sample Distance for a survey or mapping mission — or work backwards from a target accuracy to the flight height you need.

Popular tool
Inputs
Choose a verified preset, or pick “Custom” and enter your own sensor parameters below.
Height of the aircraft above the ground / subject.
Sensor parameterspreset · verified
Result
Worst-case GSD
2.74cm/px
27.4 mm/px · 1.08 in/px
GSD from widthworst case2.74cm/px
GSD from height2.49cm/px
Ground footprint150.0 × 90.9m
Coverage / image1.36 ha
Survey drones
Reference

What is GSD?

Ground Sample Distance (GSD) is the distance between the centres of two adjacent pixels measured on the ground. It is a core measure of accuracy in mapping and remote-sensing operations — a smaller GSD means finer detail and higher accuracy.

How GSD is calculated

GSD is driven by how high you fly, the size and resolution of the sensor, and the focal length of the lens. It can be calculated from the sensor's width or its height — and because these can differ, the conservative approach is to take the larger of the two (the worst case) as your effective GSD.

How GSD is defined

Higher GSD numbers mean less accuracy. For survey deliverables, plan to the worst-case value so your accuracy is never overstated.

Keep reading
The formula
GSDw = (sensor width × height × 100) ÷ (focal × image width)

GSDh = (sensor height × height × 100) ÷ (focal × image height)
Sensor & focal length in mm · height in m · image dimensions in px · result in cm/px. Effective GSD = max(GSDw, GSDh).
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Specifying a survey payload?

Our survey team can help match a sensor and flight plan to the accuracy your deliverable needs — from RTK mapping to LiDAR.